Technologi Changes In Communications Study . Makalah Bahasa Inggris
TECHNOLOGI CHANGES IN COMMUNICATIONS STUDY
PAPERS
By
Fery Narayana (1412149-AN. E)
M. Ribut Asmara (1411046-AN. E)
SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
(STISOSPOL) WASKITA DHARMA MALANG
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU ADMINISTRASI NEGARA
2014
PREFACE
Praise authors say the presence of the Allah Almighty because of his mercy and grace we can complete the task paper technology change in communication study. And do not forget to also send greetings and blessings author to prophet Muhammad SAW that brings us from the age of ignorance to the abad of knowledge as we are currently facing.
Hopefully, this can increase knowledge readers. And hopefully this papers was appreciated and beneficial for the writer himself so fulfill the duty value.
We are sorry if there are still many errors in the writing of this paper. Because the author is still in the learning process. In addition, the author would like to thank the Mr. Sysayar because with his direction we can finish this paper.
Malang, 21 October 2014
Author
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE......................................................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................. iii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study............................................................................................ 1
B. Problem of the Study.................................................................................................. 1
C. Purpose of the Study................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION PROBLEM
A. Definition of Technology.......................................................................................... 2
B. Educational Technology............................................................................................ 2
C. Role of Information Technology in Education Modernization ................................ 3
D. Communication Technology In Learning Function .................................................. 4
E. Factors Supporting Communication Technology in Education ................................ 6
CHAPTER III CLOSING
A. Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 7
B. Suggestion.................................................................................................................. 7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................. 8
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
The development world is marked by a very rapid development of science and technology which always gives the ease and flexibility without limit of time, space and distance. Electronic connections between countries, different regions, intercontinental can be done easily. The resulting innovations is growing rapidly and affects all areas of human life. Economics, the field of defense and security, social field of culture, Politics, and the field of education can never be separated from the circulation technology. Development of communication technology affect the development progress of a nation is changing the paradigm of society in the search for and find information that is not limited by simple media but also through media high technology as a source of information.
One of the areas that have significant impact to the development of communication technology is the field of education, where education is essentially a process of communication and information from educators to students that contain educational information, which has the following elements: educators as a source of information, media as a means of presenting ideas, ideas and educational materials as well as students as learners. With this development also affects the change of national education in Indonesia, so it is fitting national education conducive implemented as one of the demands of the times with all its development, and lead us in the direction of globalization requires us to continue to develop the Human Resources (HR).
Communication technology is a result of the work of human thought and applied to connect the human communication process. Seeing is understanding a lot of evolving communications technologies in the community, one of which is a communication technology education.
B. Problem of the Study
Background of the above authors formulate some issues to be discussed in this paper, namely:
1.What definition technology and educational technology?
2.How development technology ?
3.What negative impact of technology on study process?
4.What positive impact of technology on study process ?
C. Purpose of study
1. To know and understanding what is definition of educational technology
2. To know and understanding how the development educational technology
3. So we can know positif and negative impact use technology in study process
4. Get an benefit of use technology in study proses
Chapter II
DISCUSSION
A. Definition of Technology
The term technology is derived from the word "textere" (Latin) which means "to weave or construct", weaving or building. According Saettler (1960) that technology does not always have to use the machine as imagined in our minds during this time, but refers to any practical activities using science or knowledge. Even mentioned that technology is an attempt to solve human problems (Salisbury, 2002). In connection therewith, Romiszowski (1981) mentions that the technology related to products and processes. While Rogers (1986) have the view that technology usually involves aspects of the hardware (consisting of a material or physical object), and aspects of the software (comprised of the information contained in hardware).
Based on these understandings clearly Salisbury (2002) revealed that technology is the application of science or knowledge organized systematically to completion of practical tasks.
The use of the term technology in education can’t be separated from the study of Finn (1960) at a seminar on the role of technology in society, with the title of his paper "Technology and the Instructional Process". Through his paper examined the relationship between technology and education. The main argument is based on the symptoms that conveys the use of technology in people's lives that are similar to the conditions contained in education. Therefore, the use of terms associated with educational technology is an appropriate and reasonable terms.
The use of the term technology in education can’t be separated from the study of Finn (1960) at a seminar on the role of technology in society, with the title of his paper "Technology and the Instructional Process". Through his paper examined the relationship between technology and education. The main argument is based on the symptoms that conveys the use of technology in people's lives that are similar to the conditions contained in education. Therefore, the use of terms associated with educational technology is an appropriate and reasonable terms.
At the stage of a simple type of technology used is the blackboard, charts, real objects, and simple models. At the intermediate stage of technology use OHP, slides, movie projection, a simple electronic equipment for teaching, and projection equipment (LCD). While high-tech stages associated with the use of complex packages such as distance learning, using radio, television, modules, computer assisted instruction, and teaching or complex stimulation, and dial-access system information over the phone and so forth.
The use of this hardware product line with the development of industrial and social development, such as e-learning network utilizing the Internet for learning activities. The concept of process or software, focused on developing the substance of learning experiences by applying structured and organized approach to science for the purpose of the learning program. The development of this learning experience cultivated systemically and systematically by utilizing a variety of learning resources.
B. Educational Technology
Based on the historical approach, Januszewski (2001: 2-15) reveals that the early stages as an introduction to the concepts and terminology development direction technology based education and sharpened by the following three factors: First, Second engineering, science, and third, the development of the Audio visual education movement. From the results of the study showed that technology and education has been linked to the interdependence of these three factors (engineering, science, and audiovisual education). In relation to engineering, begins assessment of engineering that describes the meaning of research and development activities as well as businesses produce technology to practical use, which is mostly contained in the industrial field. In its application to the education, illustrated that systematic efforts need to be done every technologist education in every developing programs, and the organization of learning. In relation to the application of science, Charters stated that science is the basis of education, and every effort in education needs to be based on the clarity of the science that is used. For this, it is believed that the presence of the same point between educational engineering with industrial engineering, both using the research method that is based on scientific basis.
Furthermore, education providers need to establish efficiency in every business does, teachers need to specify how an efficient way so that learners gain the maximum learning experience. In conjunction with producing any learning kegiatan is essentially aimed at providing learning experiences to students learning to the maximum so that the masalah can be solved.
Correspondingly, science education becomes a laboratory and experiment to select and assign prospective students, curriculum determination, determination of learning methods, and assess the learning outcomes of students. The purpose of science in education provide assurance that the learning event that is expected to have an impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of learning, in addition to the ability of learning outcomes can be predicted and controlled.
The third factor affecting the birth of educational technology is the development of the audiovisual movement (tool of view heard) in education. Based on the historical development of the concept of audiovisual education has no connection with the concept of engineering and science in general. Even specifically educational technology consider that the concept is based on the understanding of audiovisual hardware and equipment (Finn, 1960). Therefore, understanding the popular shows that educational technology is the result of the evolution of the use of audiovisual movement in education.
C. Role of Information Technology in Education Modernization
According to Resnick (2002) there are three important things to think about re-associated with the modernization of education: (1) how we learn (how people learn); (2) what we learn (what people learn); and (3) when and where we learn (where and when people learn).
How do we learn, is associated with the method and model of learning that occurs through the interaction between teachers and students in learning. Related to this, according to Pannen (2005), currently learning paradigm changes associated with dependence on the teacher and the teacher's role in the learning process. The learning process should not be 100% dependent on the teacher again (instructor dependent) but much more focused on the students (student-centered learning or independent instructor), so that the teacher is no longer used as the sole reference of all knowledge but rather as a facilitator or consultant.
In general, the application of communication technology in education is the application of the learning activities and the application of the administrative activities of the institution. More about the role, described as follows:
a) Implementation in the learning activities.
The role of communication technology in learning is characterized by the presence of e-learning with all the variations of the levels has facilitated changes in learning delivered via all electronic media, including such as: audio / video, interactive TV, CD ROMs, intranets and the Internet. In general, the role of e-learning in the learning process can be grouped into two, namely: Complementary, presupposes that the ways of learning with face-to-face meetings are still running but coupled with a model of information technology-assisted interactions; substitution, most of the information technology-assisted learning is done.
In learning activities, the application of communication technology can be seen from how educators provide a material given to the learners. The role of the school as an institution that facilitates the means (communication technology) in support of learning activities, such as a computer or a laptop, internet or wifi network, LCD projector, TV, VCD, OHP / OHT, Tape recorder and so on. Of existing facilities can be utilized to accommodate educators learning techniques to be used.
The paradigm of development of communication technology that is resulting models convensional learn little by little changed. To the demand for educators in order to follow the development of communication technology available. Which is expected to be effective for learning activities supported by the Traffic of educators in utilizing existing technology.
Some examples of the application of communication technology in learning activities are:
1) The use of instructional media by educators in the delivery of course material such as Power Point, Windows Journal, tutorials and interactive CDs, use OHT, audio tutor, and so on.
2) The use of the Internet or wifi network provided by the school as a means to seek reference learners tasks given by educators.
3) The use of computers as a means to practice certain materials that do require such computer facility, which teaches the use of ICT materials office applications, graphic design, and so on.
b) Implementation in the administrative activities of the institution.
In carrying out all activities operasinality, many schools utilize a variety of technologies, especially the based communication technology to facilitate all activities. Examples of the application of communication technology in administrative activities are:
1) The use of computers in academic achievement assessment system learners.
2) The use of computers for data collection database identity of all members of the school both learners and educators.
3) The use of the Internet as an identity actualization access educational institutions (high school or college website) and monitoring penialaian online.
4) The use of audio device (sound system, tape recorder) and visual (LCD projector, TV) for outside learning activities such as meetings, training, seminars, and so on.
D. Communication Technology In Learning Function
Communication technology have three main functions used in learning activities, namely: (1) Technology serves as a tool (tools). In this case, the communication technology used as a tool for the user (user) or students to assist learning, for example in a word processor, process the numbers, creating graphical designs, create a database, create an administrative kegiatan for students, teachers and staff, staffing data, the financial and so on. (2) Technology serves as a science (science). In this regard the technology as part of a discipline that must be mastered by the students in improving their competence. (3) technology and serve as a tool for learning (literacy). In this case the technology is defined as the study materials as well as a tool to control a computer aided competence while making the teacher as a facilitator, motivator, transmitter, and evaluators in complete learning principles.
Information technology and personal communication must remain in education and continue to be developed by means of: (1) Minimize the internal weaknesses by conducting a global information technology with the introduction of information technology tools themselves (radio, television, computer), (2) Developing information technology reach all areas of information technology itself (Local Area Network, Metropolitan Area Network and Wide Area Network), and (3) development of community-based public education institutions into the information technology in order to co-exist with information technology through tools of information technology.
The role and function of information technologies in a broader context, namely in management education, based on the study of the purpose of the use of information technology in the world's leading education in America, Alavi and Gallupe (2003) found some use of information technology objectives, namely (1) improve the competitive positioning; (2) improve the merk image; (3) improve the quality of learning and teaching; (4) increasing student satisfaction; (5) increase revenues; (6) broaden the base of students; (7) improving the quality of service; (8) reduce operating costs; and (9) to develop new products and services. Therefore, it is not surprising that today many educational institutions in Indonesia are racing to invest in the information technology field to win the competition is getting tighter. Therefore to win a quality education then disolusikan to position educational institutions on favorable environmental opportunities and strong internal strength.
Information and Communication Technology have some impact. From this we can classify into two groups, namely the impact of positive and negative impacts.
a. Education
Ø The Impact of Positive (+)
1. The advent of mass media, especially the electronic media as a source of science and education center. The impact of this is the teacher rather than the sole source of knowledge.
2. The emergence of learning methods are new, which allows students and teachers in the learning process. With advances in technology created new methods that make students able to understand abstract material, because the material with the help of technology can be made abstract.
3. Learning systems do not have to go through face-to-face. With advances in technology the learning process does not have to bring the students to the teacher, but can also use the services of internet and others.
Ø The impact of negative (-)
1. Confidentiality is increasingly threatened Program assay intelligence tests such as the Raven test, aptitudes Differential Test can be accessed through a compact disk. The implications of this masalah is, there are psychological tests that will be easy to leak, and the development of psychological tests must race at speeds of leakage through the internet.
2. Abuse of knowledge for certain people to commit crimes. We know that progress in education badang also scored high knowledgeable generations but have low morale. For example, the computer science steeper then people will try to break through the banking system and others.
b. Information
Ø Impact Positive (+)
1. We will more quickly get the information accurate and up to date on any part of the earth over the internet.
2. We can communicate with friends, and family who are very far away from us only by telephone and through the internet.
Ø Impact Negative (-)
1. Communication services in network access by terrorists
2. The use of certain information and certain sites that are on the internet can be misused by certain parties for a particular purpose.
E. Factors Supporting Communication Technology in Education
Communication technology is a staple of the e-learning itself plays a role in creating a service that is fast, accurate, organized, accountable and reliable. In order to achieve these objectives, there are several factors that influence information technology, namely: (1) infrastructure, (2) Human Resources, (3) policy, (4) Financial, and (5) Content and Applications (Soekartawi, 2003).
This, in order to be able to communication technology is growing rapidly it is necessary to note the factors that influence it, namely: First, the required infrastructure that enables access to information anywhere with sufficient speed. Secondly, human factors requires the availability of the human brain which controls high technology. Third , factor demands a policy of macro and micro-scale policy that favors the development of long-term information technology. Fourth, financial factors requires the presence of a positive attitude of the parties such as government funding providers, banks and other financial institutions to assist the development of communication technology in education. fifth , factor content and applications demanded disampai information on people, places, and the right time and the availability of the application to deliver the content to the user comfortably.
E-learning is one of the products of information technology in education would also have a contributing factor in the creation of a quality education, while these factors; First, there must be a policy as an umbrella which include the financing system and the direction of development. Secondly, the development of the content, for example, the curriculum should be based communication technologies.
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclusion
Educational Technology derived from word “Education” and “Technology”
The term technology is derived from the word "textere" (Latin) which means "to weave or construct", weaving or building.
From the results of the study showed that technology and education has been linked to the interdependence of these three factors (engineering, science, and audiovisual education).
In learning activities, the application of communication technology can be seen from how educators provide a material given to the learners. The role of the school as an institution that facilitates the means (communication technology) in support of learning activities, such as a computer or a laptop, internet or wifi network, LCD projector, TV, VCD, OHP / OHT, Tape recorder and so on. Of existing facilities can be utilized to accommodate educators learning techniques to be used.
Communication technology is a staple of the e-learning itself plays a role in creating a service that is fast, accurate, organized, accountable and reliable. In order to achieve these objectives, there are several factors that influence information technology, namely: (1) infrastructure, (2) Human Resources, (3) policy, (4) Financial, and (5) Content and Applications (Soekartawi, 2003).
Information and Communication Technology have some impact. From this we can classify into two groups, namely the impact of positive and negative impacts.
B. SUGGESTION
First, our advice is to learn to use technology tools to make it easier to understand the learning, and school as soon as possible to apply the curriculum in 2013 in learning, in which all aspects of learning to use computers or the technology that supports students.
Second, more government aid could be added more computers or other technology to third parties who require.
REFERENCES
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…….. 2004. The Definition of Educational Technology . AECT.
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Januszewski, Alan. 2001. Educational Technology, The Development of a Concept. Englewood, Colorado. Libraries Unlimited.
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